|
The Brazilian monarchy came to an end on November 15, 1889, following a military coup which overthrew Emperor Dom Pedro II. According to the Imperial Constitution (1824), the Brazilian monarchy was hereditary according to male-preference primogeniture and dynasts in the line of succession were required to hold Brazilian nationality. The Imperial Constitution also states that the Emperor and his heir presumptive should be Catholic,〔Constituição Politica do Imperio do Brazil, art. 103.〕〔Constituição Politica do Imperio do Brazil, art. 106.〕 and the marriage of the princess heir presumptive should be done in accordance with the consent of the Emperor or the Assembly.〔Constituição Politica do Imperio do Brazil, art. 120.〕 The current Brazilian Imperial Family is split into two branches: the Petrópolis and the Vassouras.〔SMITH, Peter H. ''Democracy in Latin America'', p. 148.〕 The division erupted in 1908, when ''Dom'' Pedro de Alcântara (Petrópolis Branch) renounced his succession rights. The Petrópolis branch, headed by Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza, is descended from Princess Isabel's eldest son, Pedro de Alcântara, while the Vassouras branch, headed by Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza, is descended from her second son, Luiz. ==Overview== After the death of Pedro II in 1891, his eldest daughter, Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil became the pretender to the abolished Brazilian throne. In 1908, her son Dom Pedro de Alcântara wanted to marry Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz (1875–1951) who, although a noblewoman of the kingdom of Bohemia, did not belong to a royal or reigning dynasty. Although the constitution of the Brazilian Empire did not require a dynast to marry equally,〔SAINT, Guy Stair. House of Bourbon: Branch of Orléans-Braganza. In: ''(Chivalric Orders )''. Retrieved 2013-02-18.〕 it made the marriage of the heir to the Throne dependent upon the Sovereign's consent. Princess Isabel, then Head of the Imperial Family, considered that Brazilian dynasts should only marry people of royal blood, especially to increase the influence of the Dynasty and the prospects of the restoration of the monarchy. Prince Dom Pedro wanted to marry with his mother's blessing, and so it was agreed that she would consent to the marriage on condition that he resigned his position in the line of succession. As a result, Dom Pedro de Alcantara renounced his rights to the throne of Brazil on 30 October 1908.〔BARMAN, Roderick J (2005) (in Portuguese). ''Princesa Isabel do Brasil'': gênero e poder no século XIX, UNESP〕〔VIANNA, Hélio (1968) (in Portuguese). ''Vultos do Império''. São Paulo: Companhia Editoria Nacional, p. 224〕〔FREYRE, Gilberto. ''Ordem e Progresso'' (1959) (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, p. 517 and 591〕〔LYRA, Heitor (1940) (in Portuguese). ''História de Dom Pedro II, 1825-1891''. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, vol.III, p. 300〕〔〔JANOTTI, Maria de Lourdes (1986) (in Portuguese). ''Os Subversivos da República''. São Paulo: Brasiliense, pp. 255-257〕〔MALATIAN, Teresa Maria (1978) (in Portuguese). ''A Ação Imperial Patrianovista Brasileira''. São Paulo, p. 153-159〕 To solemnize this, Dom Pedro, aged thirty-three, signed the document translated here: This renunciation was followed by a letter from Isabel to royalists in Brazil: Assuming that the 1908 renunciation of Pedro de Alcântara was valid, his brother Luiz (and eventually, Pedro Henrique) became next in the line of succession after their mother.〔〔〔〔〔〔 Isabel's headship of the Brazilian Imperial House lasted until her death in 1921, when she is widely considered to have been succeeded by her grandson, Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza.〔〔〔〔BARSA (1992) (in Portuguese). ''Braganza'', vol. 4, p. 210〕〔〔 Pedro Henrique was the elder son of Prince Luiz, second child of Isabel and a veteran of World War I who had died in 1920 from an illness he contracted in the trenches.〔MALATIAN, Teresa (2007) (in Portuguese). In: ''BrHistória'' issue 4, p. 35〕 Prince Pedro de Alcântara did not dispute the validity of the renunciation.〔SANTOS (1988: 76)〕〔SILVA, Paulo Napoleão Nogueira da (1994) (in Portuguese). ''Monarquia: verdades e mentiras''. São Paulo: GRD, pp. 228-229〕 Though he did not claim the headship of the Imperial House himself in 1937, he did say in an interview that his renunciation "did not meet the requirements of Brazilian Law, there was no prior consultation with the nation, there was none of the necessary protocol that is required for acts of this nature and, furthermore, it was not a hereditary renunciation."〔VILLON, Victor (2008). Elisabeth Dobrzensky von Dobrzenicz "Empress of Brazil". In: ''Royalty Digest Quarterly'', 3, p. 33.〕 The dynastic dispute over the Brazilian crown began after 1940 when Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, eldest son of Pedro de Alcântara rejected his father's renunciation and claimed the headship of the Brazilian Imperial House.〔CERQUEIRA, Bruno da Silva A. (2007) (in Portuguese). In: ''BrHistória'' issue 4, p. 58〕〔SANTOS (1988: 197)〕 After the death of Pedro Gastão in 2007, his eldest son Prince Pedro Carlos and younger children declared themselves republicans.〔GUTIÉRREZ, Bernardo (2008) (in Spanish). La familia real brasileña defiende los nuevos ideales. In: ''(Público.es )'', 2008-01-09.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Line of succession to the former Brazilian throne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|